Dynamic knee valgus (DKV) is an abnormal movement pattern observed during weight-bearing activities and plays a significant role in the development of musculoskeletal pain and non-contact lower-extremity injuries. This condition is characterized by a combination of hip adduction and internal rotation, knee abduction, and alterations in ankle alignment, leading to increased lateral forces on the knee joint and a higher risk of injuries such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. Studies have reported that approximately 70% of ACL injuries occur through non-contact mechanisms, with female athletes being four to six times more susceptible than males, particularly in sports such as handball.



Due to the frequent jumping, landing, and rapid changes of direction involved in handball, athletes are at an increased risk of injuries associated with neuromuscular control deficits. Therefore, functional assessment tools, including the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS), Functional Movement Screen (FMS), squat tests, and dynamic balance tests, are widely used to identify athletes at risk and to evaluate the effectiveness of injury prevention programs. Evidence also suggests that targeted training interventions can substantially reduce dynamic knee valgus and improve landing mechanics. Consequently, comparing the outcomes of functional tests in female handball players with and without dynamic knee valgus may provide valuable insights for developing effective injury prevention strategies and enhancing athletic performance.