Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), with a prevalence of 1 in 36 births, and Down Syndrome (DS), with a prevalence of 1 in 1,000 to 1 in 1,100 live births, are two neurodevelopmental disorders. The comorbidity of these two conditions (Downism) has a prevalence of 5 to 39 percent, which is significantly higher than in the general population (1.85%). Children with this dual diagnosis experience more severe problems in sensory processing and neuromotor organization, one of the signs of which is the persistence of primitive spinal reflexes (such as Moro and Babinski). These reflexes, which should be inhibited by 6 or 24 months of age, if they persist, can cause impairments in attention, balance, and learning.



The present study aims to determine the effectiveness of a sensory-cognitive rehabilitation program with an embodied approach on inhibiting these reflexes in children with Downism. This study will be conducted as a single-case design (A-B-A) on three children with confirmed diagnoses in Mashhad, Iran. The 12-week intervention protocol (three sessions per week) is derived from the MNRI (Masgutova Neuro-Sensory-Motor Reflex Integration) approach and Ayres Sensory Integration, and includes vestibular and proprioceptive exercises, attention training, and motor skills.

The novelty of this research lies in the fact that the direct effect of this approach on inhibiting spinal reflexes in the Downism population has not yet been investigated. The findings could lead to the development of an effective clinical protocol to improve daily functioning and the quality of life for these children.