**Summary of the Research Proposal**



This study aims to investigate the mediating role of self-criticism in the relationship between defense mechanisms and negative perfectionism among university students. Negative perfectionism is associated with adverse psychological and academic outcomes, such as anxiety, depression, and burnout. From a psychoanalytic perspective, inefficient defense mechanisms (mature, neurotic, and immature) may contribute to the formation and persistence of this pattern.



Employing an applied, correlational research design using structural equation modeling (SEM), the study targets the population of students at Tehran universities during the 2025-2026 academic year. A sample of 350 participants will be selected via convenience sampling. Data will be collected using the Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale (PANPS), the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40), and the Levels of Self-Criticism Scale (LSCS). Data analysis will be performed using SPSS and AMOS software to test the proposed conceptual model and its fit.



By addressing the research gap concerning mediating variables, this study seeks to provide a deeper understanding of the psychological processes underlying negative perfectionism. The findings are expected to offer a valuable foundation for designing clinical and counseling interventions in university settings to support student mental health.