Document Type : Original Article
Researchers
1 Master's student, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran
2 Member of the scientific faculty of the Department of Pathology and Corrective Movements, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran
Ministerial Ethics Committee
Multiple sclerosis is a progressive chronic inflammatory and non-traumatic disease of the central nervous system, which usually begins with intermittent and repeated multifocal inflammations in the central nervous system and can lead to the destruction of the protective tissue of nerve cells and cutting of axons. {Motl, 2015 #1} In this disease, the body's immune system attacks the myelin sheath of nerve tissue and leads to disturbances in the sensory, motor and cognitive systems. {Sloane, 2009 #2}
The pathological processes of multiple sclerosis are combined with unique psychological and environmental factors and cause various symptoms in patients, which leads to a decrease in the level of physical activity in multiple sclerosis patients. These symptoms usually include: muscle weakness, ataxia, spasms, tremors, balance and coordination disorders, swallowing and excretory system functioning disorders, vision disorders, cognitive disorders, depression and fatigue. {Learmonth, 2021 #3}
Multiple sclerosis is divided into four types: relapsing-remitting, secondary progressive, primary progressive and progressive relapsing, which affects more than 2.5 million people in the world. Multiple sclerosis can appear at any age, but it is usually detected between the ages of 20-40. {Govindhan, 2023 #4}
The pathophysiology and etiology of multiple sclerosis are complex. They include environmental, genetic and nutritional factors such as vitamin D deficiency to infectious factors such as Epstein-Barr virus, as well as epigenetic factors that potentially play an important role in the onset and course of the disease. {Amin, 2023 #8}