Document Type : Original Article
Researcher
Tehran, Alameh University
Ministerial Ethics Committee
A specific learning disability is a condition in which a person's score is below the expected level of academic performance, despite having a normal or above-normal intelligence level. Learning disorders are one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders diagnosed in children (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 2013), which is in the subgroup of neurodevelopmental disorders and manifests as problems in learning to read, write, reason, and math. (Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 2013). In the broadest definition, dyslexia is a disorder in the ability to write at any stage and problems in letter formation/legibility, letter spacing, spelling, fine motor coordination, writing speed, grammar and composition. Acquired dysgraphia occurs when existing brain pathways are disrupted by an event (such as brain injury, neurological disease, or degenerative conditions) and leads to the loss of previous skills (Peter, Delip, Patel, & Nazimi, 2019). Theoretically, three types of dyslexia are defined by Deuel (1995) as dyslexic dyslexia, in which the child suffers from illegible writing, poor oral spelling, and difficulty reading. Motor dysgraphia is characterized by subtle motor deficits that affect their ability to perform tasks that require fine motor coordination. This type of dysgraphia shows a lack of motor coordination rather than motor weakness or involuntary movements. Spatial insufficiency is another type where the child cannot get the correct orientation needed to write letters and words and this is basically associated with poor drawing.