Competitive judo is a high-intensity, multi-dimensional sport requiring significant aerobic and anaerobic capacity. Due to the nature of Olympic competition, judokas must perform multiple high-intensity bouts within short intervals (30–45 minutes), leading to profound physiological fatigue. This fatigue is characterized by glycogen depletion, neuromuscular fatigue, and significant muscle damage, evidenced by elevated biomarkers such as Creatine Kinase (CK) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH). Furthermore, intense physical exertion triggers oxidative stress through the overproduction of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), leading to lipid peroxidation (MDA) and potential structural muscle damage.

Effective recovery strategies are crucial for maintaining performance and preventing injury between consecutive bouts. Ergogenic aids, particularly plant-based supplements, have emerged as a promising avenue for enhancing recovery profiles. Melissa officinalis (Lemon balm) is recognized for its antioxidant properties and its potential to bolster endogenous antioxidant enzymes, including Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX), and Catalase (CAT).

Despite its known therapeutic benefits, a significant research gap exists regarding the specific impact of Melissa officinalis supplementation on judokas. Specifically, there is a lack of evidence concerning its effects on muscle protein synthesis balance and physiological recovery markers under simulated Olympic competition protocols. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of short-term Melissa officinalis supplementation on oxidative status, fatigue indices, and muscle protein synthesis in elite judokas during a simulated multi-bout competition, providing evidence-based insights for optimizing recovery in combat sports.