The present study investigates the effectiveness of failure management training on psychological resilience and return to optimal performance in volleyball players. In competitive sports, especially volleyball, failure and individual or team errors can cause decreased concentration, increased anxiety, loss of self-confidence, and decreased performance quality. Failure management, as a set of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral strategies, helps athletes turn failure into an opportunity for learning, control negative emotions, and recover their performance faster. Also, psychological resilience, as the ability to adapt and return effectively after pressures and failures, plays an important role in maintaining competitive performance.



This study is conducted with a quasi-experimental method and a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population includes adolescent and young volleyball players from an academy in Tehran, 30 of whom are randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group will receive eight 40- to 60-minute sessions of failure management training, including cognitive restructuring, emotion regulation, a "next game" mindset, coping strategies, and strengthening team support, while the control group will not receive any intervention. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Questionnaire and the Return to Optimal Performance Questionnaire will be used to measure the results, and the data will be analyzed with the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test. It is expected that this intervention will increase resilience, improve return to optimal performance, and provide a practical model for promoting the psychological preparation of athletes and developing sports psychology interventions in professional teams.