Aging is associated with extensive physical, motor, and cognitive changes that may reduce functional balance and increase the fear of falling among older adults. Falling is considered one of the most significant health challenges in the elderly population, particularly among older women, and may lead to physical injuries, loss of independence, activity limitations, and a decline in quality of life. In recent years, research attention has shifted from purely physical factors toward the role of cognitive factors and lifestyle characteristics in maintaining motor function in older adults. One important concept in this field is cognitive reserve, which refers to the brain’s ability to cope with age-related changes and pathological damage. In addition, daily physical activity, as a key lifestyle factor, plays an important role in maintaining motor performance, balance, and psychological well-being among older adults.



The present study aims to investigate the role of cognitive reserve and daily physical activity in predicting balance and fear of falling among older women. This study employs a descriptive-correlational design, and the target population consists of older women. Data will be collected using standardized questionnaires assessing cognitive reserve, daily physical activity, balance, and fear of falling. The collected data will be analyzed using appropriate statistical methods and predictive models. The findings of this study may contribute to the identification of factors associated with improved balance and reduced fear of falling in older women and may provide a basis for developing preventive interventions and enhancement programs focused on physical activity and cognitive empowerment in this population.